The last census once again brought to the fore the complicated relationship with the Albanian state and its church . Reduced numbers of community members indicated that something really goes wrong in the consciousness of the state , which basically seems that there is still much atheism . In fact , this sensation , have long had all foreign travelers and researchers still more , those who have carefully examined the state- religion relations . Once , all regimes , during the existence of the Albanian state , even though they have disciplined religion , often have excessive ...
By Ben Andoni *
In a remote village , where do the bad winter and the snow that day had been a disaster . This was the worst that had plagued the village . There was honored dead a Muslim believer and village a shame if it does not convey the Islamic funeral rituals . If the imam brought from far away was impossible . Someone fired in mind one thing , which in sunny day would be a pure profanity . " Take priest , told fellow . He is a man of God and a man of God imam . Is there a God ? There . Let's sing it suras , who hired this ( ? ) And let's make it last adat " . There was no time and it was so . This philosophy , more or less , the individual sets Albanian connection with religion . Here one finds surprising connections subjective King Zog , Enver and leaders after the 90 religious communities . Take that Byron in his times simplify this by determining that : the first had established no interest in religion Albanians , and Count Ciano openly refer Albanians suspected of atheism . The latter will probably deal with reservations unless you consider what really happened to the religion in 1967 , the amount that the state will not make the world more controversial . The declaration of atheism , was a decision that the constitution would also konsakroj few years later . Socialist regime , on 19 November 1967 issued Decree No. infamous . 4337 titled "On the cancellation of several decrees " , which were eliminated immediately judgments years 1949-1951 , the cards legalize religious communities . S'mbaroi here . It banned all religious rites and predicted penalties for violators . Since that year , became religious in theaters , gyms , workshops , fireplaces crop up public bathrooms ..
Before World War II
Albanian state hostility toward religion relates to the 20 th century , when he really began to exist . Since late 1922 , bird , which is being built in the political hierarchy , taking measures against the Catholic community , which generally has supported him as an individual . Orders closure of some Catholic schools and kicks off gendarmes , officials and Catholic officials . On 5 June 1923 the Albanian Parliament passes , Legal Statute of Religious Communities , where Ahmet Zogu is again the protagonist . The proposed parliament voted this law that Albanian citizens no longer subject to canonical legislation , but state laws . The law decided to be active clergy and ethnic Albanian nationality . State aims to control the administration of the religious communities . Magazine " mountain time " and that opposition to Zogu Louis leads Gurakuqi speaks about open rebellion . Catholic opposition , which developed over the years '23 - '24 , and is almost anti-Zogite strands . Two major magazines Catholic culture " Alexander " and " Hylli of Light " , published respectively by the Jesuits and Franciscans suffer . Meanwhile , within the Christian religious communities there are developments . Orthodox Church , since 1922 , has started a war led by militant Bishop Fan Noli , to sever ties with the Greek Patriarchate in Konstadinopojë . A year later , in 1923 , the Muslim community is to declare independence from Turkish Caliphate during the Congress . In a larger Assembly in 1929 , in Tirana , the two beliefs openly declare their independence . The Catholic Church is more stoic . I holds its position , as it has a historic structure by the Vatican canonical interdependent . Zog little row in the beginning of the war and his reign in 1928 , things look peaceful . In Albania are enrolled full 1127 and 260 Tekke mosque and shrine of the Bektashi and other sects , and these were added to 844 churches and 70 Orthodox monasteries , and the Catholic Church 147 , of which 124 had only in Shkodra . But in 1928 , the new Constitution and the Civil Code of Criminal mark a turning point for communities . Communities recognized by the decree of 16 July 1929 on the establishment of religious communities . In all developments are indifferent Bektashi, since a few years have brought their headquarters in Bangladesh and make smooth swing . But the bird itself can not stand the silence . Insert row in making Orthodox community stood against the Phanar . Take that regulates the relationship with some Catholics ( Franciscans ) against Jesuit . Goes even further when it sends people to the reception to become Franciscan primacy . Orthodox and Muslims struggle to translate materials into Albanian liturgies , while Catholics resist . Two years later , in the 1930 Census included government gite questions about religion . According to statistics , 696 000 were Muslims themselves , Orthodox and Catholics 200,000 people 105,000 people.
However , the biggest conflict between the authorities in Tirana and religious subjects begins to Catholic schools closed by Bird in 1933 and will reopen in 1936 with much difficulty . For three years , especially Albanian Catholics called rights violated their most sacred . Although really , really strikes law all foreign schools , among them some of the Muslim schools , schools of the Serb minority in the north and south Vlach , Korca or French high school and several institutions set up by American missionaries . Initiatives implemented by a known anti-clerical Minister Mirash Ivanaj paradoxically had been Jesuit primary school . The situation was completely relieved in '36 , after the bird that feels it is excessive and is affecting and Italy , while the League of Nations on 6 April 1935 strongly attracts attention Albania . Bird , however , is the first truly secular makes Albania , leaving no extensive community outreach and religious institutions . Mastery of his remains to disruption . We have a long conflict between the two types of clergy , secular and that rregulltar him , or where the Jesuits and Franciscans feel aggressiveness ; orthodoxy have mesvete development of young and old , as Muslims are divided into those who have completed at Al Azhar and others by an Indian workshop . And again , Bird mjaftua unwelcome here. Over the clergy weigh murder but also behavior that will continue fiercely his successor . Culminated in 1937 , when at the instigation of Albanian parliament decides to lift the veil for Muslim women , the element that had identified the Muslim community in the face of others . However , he found a reason to fascist and this measure , while concessions were made in 1937 and the Ecumenical Patriarchate , which recognized officially hereafter autoqefalin Orthodox Church . Understandably , as the lantern will reward had two of its top Albanian dioceses . While Catholics began to show a little teeth to strengthen the Italian element in place .
War on Socialism
There are few stories about the war , but that 's somewhat more mixed religious community occupier as separates Bektashi, who espouse Fascist War . At this time the Albanian less connected believer sees his faith inherited closely with customs and family traditions . The effort begins with the official Congress Bazaar , held in May 1944 to the formation of the Anti-Fascist Council for laying the foundations of power , where Enver proclaims that the list of candidates was respected clergy , who were among the partisans . The Constitution of 1946 , stipulates that all citizens are equal regardless of nationality , race or religion they belong to. In reality , it is not so . Religious persecution has started everywhere and those who suffer most are Catholic . Finish was smart because he used Agrarian Reform Law ( August 1945 ) , which was ideal for the new regime . Christian and Muslim objects and especially monasteries had income from land holdings , offered to the faithful of the deceased . These were administered by religion , against the expropriation of their work was not anti-religious but it seemed like part of the Reform Act , which actually supported enthusiastically by people weary vampire owners . In reality , things are different : Religious communities had only 1:26 of land . But the war was declared, the regime had eliminated many leaders of religion . While the communist education of religion shared by the school and in 1946 received the blow clergy , when the reform of that year it was decided to intervene and teaching in churches and mosques , to a circular of 1947 , and it was lifted right Communities religious . The fight went to the orphans , as religious institutions were banned to keep the orphans , and the printing was stopped , hospitals , workshops , libraries coursed and religious communities . Until the pastoral letters were to be adopted hereafter by the state . Priests began execution , not supported , and religious objects shrink without end . Were seized by the charitable institutions , both printing and seven religious periodicals . Statistics show 127 killed clerics Catholic community that shares Sinishta to 10 members of the hierarchy , 56 diocesan priests , 30 Franciscan , Jesuit 13 , 10 seminarians, nuns 8 . Even Muslims also suffer and Orthodox churches . Hafës mufti Ibrahim eliminated Dibra, Durres Mufti Mustafa Efendi Varoshi , while the community suffers the loss properties of people . Of 530 mosques were open only 24 , which are transformed to other things . Bektashi are still far away , but in 1947 , in an event that even today remains a mystery somehow killed and Baba Baba Faja Fejzo by Dede Abbas , Grandfather , who then killed himself . The regime would have perhaps as an excuse to close their full tekkes 260 .
Attitude " melt " a little Decree 743 on 26 January 1949 on " religious community " . The decree reaffirmed the constitutional guarantees of freedom of religion and provided penalties for anyone limiting belief and incite religious hatred . " There is also an obstacle here . Because the law should work to revise the statute to every community , and to adapt to the 35 articles of the decree and then presented to the Prime Minister for approval within three months . The only ones who survived were Catholics , the Vatican had dependence , but when they believed they had reached an agreement was betrayed by the state in their faith . On 30 July 1951 , published the original agreement was changed completely . Schools program became more secular and anti-religious program ready . Educational institutions were not on the curriculum at religious knowledge . The situation was tense and the few remaining subjects had their soul seems . The regime had died little by little . Four religious clerics were killed , humiliated , and objects of worship were increasingly poor . The struggle to understand how it was done may slogans against religion understand was the permanent and ubiquitous , and they will continue for years after the formal elimination of religion . Until then , it had become an intense ideological preparation , as well as different materials were widespread , banners and posters , youth meetings and hit open people 's religion .
Seal will eventually come to Enver Hoxha 's speech on 6 February 1967 before the Central Committee for religious divisiveness . His appeal was directed against superstition , disposal laws stating that religious teachings of religion Albanian is Albania ... With his diabolical cleverness of youth left his job because larger energies can only afford it . Suddenly the publication of a later day the OP , Durres high school students stormed churches and mosques of the city , following an epidemic across the country . The 2169 religious institutions that were left behind devastation , became prey to destructive desecration , among them 600 churches and 327 monasteries and Catholic buildings . A second wave of arrests will lay the clergy , who are so close to the suffering of earthly life .
After 90
The new communist leader Ramiz Alia in the late 80s , made concessions before , while television stories , he appears as himself in a glass enters abroad. On a cold day early '90s , was the first head of the Catholic Mass in Rrmajë , the walls of which were shot clerics who knows how . Orthodox were helped by Kostadinopoja and Albania to rebuild the church was Bishop Anastasios source of endless quarrels with the Albanian state . The two main Christian churches in Albania , were visited by their primates . Pope John Paul II arrived on 25 April 1993 and the Ecumenical Patriarch , Vartolomeu I , 2nd to 9th November 1999 . The state will be more careful while showing established Cults Committee , the body will henceforth keep his relationship with religious communities . Established in 1991 , it will represent the state in bilateral relations . Take that , often , it has been out in the real role and endless clashes , especially the Orthodox and less Muslims and Catholics in the state because of its status and functioning of the law is not very clear .
On the other hand , the Albanian government should be more vigilant , as many missionaries of all religious faiths , rolled around with no good purpose in Albania . Not infrequently, Albania is referred to mainly Muslim religious activists in recent years , but also to Orthodox emissaries , who have blown many nationalities problem of trust and deeds against terrorism . Nowadays , the relationship of the state with regulated communities under Article 10 , paragraph 5 of the Constitution . While legal sources as appropriate governing relations have been signed and ratified the four agreements . It is at this time is ratified agreement between the Albanian government and the Holy See of the Vatican , which was adopted since 2003. Courses Law no. 10 056 , dated 22.01.2009 and allow ndihte " On ratification of the Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Albania and the Albanian Muslim Community to regulate bilateral relations " . As in the past , the Albanian legislation defines secularism of the state of the same individual's right to practice religion and freedom of conscience and his two articles prohibit discrimination and freedom of expression . However, these do not have enough in practice things are so peaceful . Today , many of the properties of religious communities , are outstanding , and the state is always at a distance not more benevolent with them , even if communities have shown paqësi . The worst was the last political elections , when the Muslim community was used in the making propaganda for various political candidates , as Orthodox community to electoral politics of minority candidates in the south .
Far others , to some extent , it is believed that the Albanian society remains unbelieving scale . Gallup poll on confidence in a global scale , drew 14 Albania as one of the most secular countries in the world , where only 39% of Albanians in Albania , religion plays a role in their lives , while the remaining 71 % was not at all interested .
So , suffice it to believe the fable , the priest used to do work in the remote village mullah ...
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